M3 Hate Speech Meme Dataset
4chan
Twitter (X)
WeiboContent moderationEntertainmentHate speechImages & visual mediaMemes & humourMisinformationPolitical communication A Cross-platform meme corpus (4chan, Twitter, Weibo) dataset of 1,318 hate-speech labeled meme records from 3 platforms, collected by Mira AI Lab via cross-platform meme collection. Each record contains image filename, OCR-extracted image text, post caption text, hate speech label, category list (politics/race/religion/etc.), and human-readable annotation reason per record. M3-Hate is the hate-speech filtered subset of the M3 meme dataset, with 1,318 hateful memes across 4chan (1062), Twitter (132), and Weibo (124) — multimodal with both image OCR text and post captions. Suitable for hate speech detection, multimodal meme analysis, cross-platform content moderation, image-text classification, harmful content research. The package includes the 1,318 meme images (img/) alongside the JSON records.
Cite this dataset at
m3-hate.echo.directory
Analytics
Topic 0
Topic 1
Computed over the full corpus.
Record
- Catalog key
m3-hate- Authors
- Xing, Rui; Chai, Qi; Ma, Jie; Tao, Jing; Wang, Pinghui; Zhang, Shuming; Wang, Xinping; Wang, Hao
- Year
- 2026
- Source paper
- Is AI Ready for Multimodal Hate Speech Detection? A Comprehensive Dataset and Benchmark Evaluation
- DOI / arXiv
- 10.48550/arXiv.2603.21686
- License
- Unknown — verify before publishing
- Records
- 1,318
- Languages
- en, zh
- Collected
- 2023 (2020s)
- Tasks
- Hate speech detection inferred
- Region
- Global (inferred: the platform is used worldwide)
Provenance
- Originally published at
- https://github.com/mira-ai-lab/M3 link checked
- Hosted copy
- Mirrored on echo.directory on 2026-10-21, 122.2 MB across 1322 files. Checksums in MANIFEST.json.
Citations
Is AI Ready for Multimodal Hate Speech Detection? A Comprehensive Dataset and Benchmark Evaluation
Rui Xing, Qi Chai, Jie Ma, Jing Tao, Ping-Hui Wang
Journal Article · arXiv.org · 2026
Cited by
- unibo_ccmmd@CC-MMD: Cross-Cultural Misogynistic Meme Detection with Qwen3-VL-8B-Instruct and 4-bit QLoRA
Ming-Gui Duan, P. Gajo et al. · Proceedings of the 28th International Conference On Multimodal Interaction · 2026 · cited 1× - Algorithmic Panic, Cultural Misalignment, and Multimodal Over Filtration in AI Processing of Obfuscated Arabic Political Image-Texts about the USA–Israel–Iran Conflict
Reima Al-Jarf · Frontiers in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence · 2026 · cited 0×
Citation data from Semantic Scholar, retrieved 2026-10-22.
How to cite
BibTeX
@misc{echo2026,
title = {ECHO: Exploratory Compendium of Humanity Online},
author = {Switzer, Braden and Zafarani, Reza},
year = {2026},
url = {https://echo.directory},
note = {Syracuse University}
}
@misc{https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.21686,
doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2603.21686},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.21686},
author = {Xing, Rui and Chai, Qi and Ma, Jie and Tao, Jing and Wang, Pinghui and Zhang, Shuming and Wang, Xinping and Wang, Hao},
keywords = {Multiagent Systems (cs.MA), FOS: Computer and information sciences, FOS: Computer and information sciences},
title = {Is AI Ready for Multimodal Hate Speech Detection? A Comprehensive Dataset and Benchmark Evaluation},
publisher = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
copyright = {arXiv.org perpetual, non-exclusive license}
} APA
Switzer, B., & Zafarani, R. (2026). ECHO: Exploratory Compendium of Humanity Online [Data repository]. Syracuse University. https://echo.directory
Xing, R., Chai, Q., Ma, J., Tao, J., Wang, P., Zhang, S., Wang, X., & Wang, H. (2026). M3 Hate Speech Meme Dataset [Data set]. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.21686
MLA
Switzer, Braden, and Reza Zafarani. ECHO: Exploratory Compendium of Humanity Online. Syracuse University, 2026, echo.directory.
Xing, Rui, et al. M3 Hate Speech Meme Dataset. 2026, doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.21686.